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14 CFR · PART 91
General operating and flight rules
Subpart A · General
- § 91.1 Applicability.
- § 91.3 Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command.
- § 91.5 Pilot in command of aircraft requiring more than one required pilot.
- § 91.7 Civil aircraft airworthiness.
- § 91.9 Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements.
- § 91.11 Prohibition on interference with crewmembers.
- § 91.13 Careless or reckless operation.
- § 91.15 Dropping objects.
- § 91.17 Alcohol or drugs.
- § 91.19 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances.
- § 91.21 Portable electronic devices.
- § 91.23 Truth-in-leasing clause requirement in leases and conditional sales contracts.
- § 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes.
Subpart B · Flight Rules
- § 91.101 Applicability.
- § 91.103 Preflight action.
- § 91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations.
- § 91.107 Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and child restraint systems.
- § 91.108 Use of supplemental restraint systems.
- § 91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests.
- § 91.111 Operating near other aircraft.
- § 91.113 Right-of-way rules: Except water operations.
- § 91.115 Right-of-way rules: Water operations.
- § 91.117 Aircraft speed.
- § 91.119 Minimum safe altitudes: General.
- § 91.121 Altimeter settings.
- § 91.123 Compliance with ATC clearances and instructions.
- § 91.125 ATC light signals.
- § 91.126 Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class G airspace.
- § 91.127 Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace.
- § 91.129 Operations in Class D airspace.
- § 91.130 Operations in Class C airspace.
- § 91.131 Operations in Class B airspace.
- § 91.133 Restricted and prohibited areas.
- § 91.135 Operations in Class A airspace.
- § 91.137 Temporary flight restrictions in the vicinity of disaster/hazard areas.
- § 91.138 Temporary flight restrictions in national disaster areas in the State of Hawaii.
- § 91.139 Emergency air traffic rules.
- § 91.141 Flight restrictions in the proximity of the Presidential and other parties.
- § 91.143 Flight limitation in the proximity of space flight operations.
- § 91.144 Temporary restriction on flight operations during abnormally high barometric pressure conditions.
- § 91.145 Management of aircraft operations in the vicinity of aerial demonstrations and major sporting events.
- § 91.146 Passenger-carrying flights for the benefit of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event.
- § 91.147 Passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hire.
- § 91.151 Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions.
- § 91.153 VFR flight plan: Information required.
- § 91.155 Basic VFR weather minimums.
- § 91.157 Special VFR weather minimums.
- § 91.159 VFR cruising altitude or flight level.
- § 91.161 Special awareness training required for pilots flying under visual flight rules within a 60-nautical mile radius of the Washington, DC VOR/DME.
- § 91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions.
- § 91.169 IFR flight plan: Information required.
- § 91.171 VOR equipment check for IFR operations.
- § 91.173 ATC clearance and flight plan required.
- § 91.175 Takeoff and landing under IFR.
- § 91.176 Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR.
- § 91.177 Minimum altitudes for IFR operations.
- § 91.179 IFR cruising altitude or flight level.
- § 91.180 Operations within airspace designated as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum airspace.
- § 91.181 Course to be flown.
- § 91.183 IFR communications.
- § 91.185 IFR operations: Two-way radio communications failure.
- § 91.187 Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reports.
- § 91.189 Category II and III operations: General operating rules.
- § 91.191 Category II and Category III manual.
- § 91.193 Certificate of authorization for certain Category II operations.
Subpart C · Equipment, Instrument, and Certificate Requirements
- § 91.203 Civil aircraft: Certifications required.
- § 91.205 Powered civil aircraft with standard U.S. airworthiness certificates: Instrument and equipment requirements.
- § 91.207 Emergency locator transmitters.
- § 91.209 Aircraft lights.
- § 91.211 Supplemental oxygen.
- § 91.213 Inoperative instruments and equipment.
- § 91.215 ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use.
- § 91.217 Data correspondence between automatically reported pressure altitude data and the pilot's altitude reference.
- § 91.219 Altitude alerting system or device: Turbojet-powered civil airplanes.
- § 91.220 Radio Altimeter Systems.
- § 91.221 Traffic alert and collision avoidance system equipment and use.
- § 91.223 Terrain awareness and warning system.
- § 91.225 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment and use.
- § 91.227 Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment performance requirements.
Subpart D · Special Flight Operations
- § 91.303 Aerobatic flight.
- § 91.305 Flight test areas.
- § 91.307 Parachutes and parachuting.
- § 91.309 Towing: Gliders and unpowered ultralight vehicles.
- § 91.311 Towing: Other than under § 91.309.
- § 91.313 Restricted category civil aircraft: Operating limitations.
- § 91.315 Limited category civil aircraft: Operating limitations.
- § 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.
- § 91.319 Aircraft having experimental certificates: Operating limitations.
- § 91.321 Carriage of candidates in elections.
- § 91.323 Increased maximum certificated weights for certain airplanes operated in Alaska.
- § 91.325 Primary category aircraft: Operating limitations.
- § 91.326 Exception to operating certain aircraft for the purposes of flight training, flightcrew member checking, or flightcrew member testing.
- § 91.327 Aircraft issued a special airworthiness certificate in the light-sport category: Operating limitations.
- § 91.331 Space support vehicle flights: Operating limitations.
Subpart E · Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations
- § 91.401 Applicability.
- § 91.403 General.
- § 91.405 Maintenance required.
- § 91.407 Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration.
- § 91.409 Inspections.
- § 91.411 Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests and inspections.
- § 91.413 ATC transponder tests and inspections.
- § 91.415 Changes to aircraft inspection programs.
- § 91.417 Maintenance records.
- § 91.419 Transfer of maintenance records.
- § 91.421 Rebuilt engine maintenance records.
Subpart F · Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft
- § 91.501 Applicability.
- § 91.503 Flying equipment and operating information.
- § 91.505 Familiarity with operating limitations and emergency equipment.
- § 91.507 Equipment requirements: Over-the-top or night VFR operations.
- § 91.509 Survival equipment for overwater operations.
- § 91.511 Communication and navigation equipment for overwater operations.
- § 91.513 Emergency equipment.
- § 91.515 Flight altitude rules.
- § 91.517 Passenger information.
- § 91.519 Passenger briefing.
- § 91.521 Shoulder harness.
- § 91.523 Carry-on baggage.
- § 91.525 Carriage of cargo.
- § 91.527 Operating in icing conditions.
- § 91.529 Flight engineer requirements.
- § 91.531 Second in command requirements.
- § 91.533 Flight attendant requirements.
- § 91.535 Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during aircraft movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing.
Subpart G · Additional Equipment and Operating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft
- § 91.601 Applicability.
- § 91.603 Aural speed warning device.
- § 91.605 Transport category civil airplane weight limitations.
- § 91.607 Emergency exits for airplanes carrying passengers for hire.
- § 91.609 Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders.
- § 91.611 Authorization for ferry flight with one engine inoperative.
- § 91.613 Materials for compartment interiors.
Subpart H · Foreign Aircraft Operations and Operations of U.S.-Registered Civil Aircraft Outside of the United States; and Rules Governing Persons on Board Such Aircraft
- § 91.701 Applicability.
- § 91.702 Persons on board.
- § 91.703 Operations of civil aircraft of U.S. registry outside of the United States.
- § 91.706 Operations within airspace designed as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum Airspace.
- § 91.707 Flights between Mexico or Canada and the United States.
- § 91.709 Operations to Cuba.
- § 91.711 Special rules for foreign civil aircraft.
- § 91.713 Operation of civil aircraft of Cuban registry.
- § 91.715 Special flight authorizations for foreign civil aircraft.
Subpart I · Operating Noise Limits
- § 91.801 Applicability: Relation to part 36.
- § 91.803 Part 125 operators: Designation of applicable regulations.
- § 91.805 Final compliance: Subsonic airplanes.
- § 91.815 Agricultural and fire fighting airplanes: Noise operating limitations.
- § 91.817 Civil aircraft sonic boom.
- § 91.818 Special flight authorization to exceed Mach 1.
- § 91.819 Civil supersonic airplanes that do not comply with part 36.
- § 91.821 Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limits.
- § 91.851 Definitions.
- § 91.853 Final compliance: Civil subsonic airplanes.
- § 91.855 Entry and nonaddition rule.
- § 91.857 Stage 2 operations outside of the 48 contiguous United States.
- § 91.858 Special flight authorizations for non-revenue Stage 2 operations.
- § 91.859 Modification to meet Stage 3, Stage 4, or Stage 5 noise levels.
- § 91.861 Base level.
- § 91.863 Transfers of Stage 2 airplanes with base level.
- § 91.865 Phased compliance for operators with base level.
- § 91.867 Phased compliance for new entrants.
- § 91.869 Carry-forward compliance.
- § 91.871 Waivers from interim compliance requirements.
- § 91.873 Waivers from final compliance.
- § 91.875 Annual progress reports.
- § 91.877 Annual reporting of Hawaiian operations.
- § 91.881 Final compliance: Civil subsonic jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less.
- § 91.883 Special flight authorizations for jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or less.
Subpart J · Waivers
Subpart K · Fractional Ownership Operations
- § 91.1001 Applicability.
- § 91.1002 Compliance date.
- § 91.1003 Management contract between owner and program manager.
- § 91.1005 Prohibitions and limitations.
- § 91.1007 Flights conducted under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter.
- § 91.1009 Clarification of operational control.
- § 91.1011 Operational control responsibilities and delegation.
- § 91.1013 Operational control briefing and acknowledgment.
- § 91.1014 Issuing or denying management specifications.
- § 91.1015 Management specifications.
- § 91.1017 Amending program manager's management specifications.
- § 91.1019 Conducting tests and inspections.
- § 91.1021 Internal safety reporting and incident/accident response.
- § 91.1023 Program operating manual requirements.
- § 91.1025 Program operating manual contents.
- § 91.1027 Recordkeeping.
- § 91.1029 Flight scheduling and locating requirements.
- § 91.1031 Pilot in command or second in command: Designation required.
- § 91.1033 Operating information required.
- § 91.1035 Passenger awareness.
- § 91.1037 Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered; Limitations; Destination and alternate airports.
- § 91.1039 IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums.
- § 91.1041 Aircraft proving and validation tests.
- § 91.1045 Additional equipment requirements.
- § 91.1047 Drug and alcohol misuse education program.
- § 91.1049 Personnel.
- § 91.1050 Employment of former FAA employees.
- § 91.1053 Crewmember experience.
- § 91.1055 Pilot operating limitations and pairing requirement.
- § 91.1057 Flight, duty and rest time requirements: All crewmembers.
- § 91.1059 Flight time limitations and rest requirements: One or two pilot crews.
- § 91.1061 Augmented flight crews.
- § 91.1062 Duty periods and rest requirements: Flight attendants.
- § 91.1063 Testing and training: Applicability and terms used.
- § 91.1065 Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements.
- § 91.1067 Initial and recurrent flight attendant crewmember testing requirements.
- § 91.1069 Flight crew: Instrument proficiency check requirements.
- § 91.1071 Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standards.
- § 91.1073 Training program: General.
- § 91.1075 Training program: Special rules.
- § 91.1077 Training program and revision: Initial and final approval.
- § 91.1079 Training program: Curriculum.
- § 91.1081 Crewmember training requirements.
- § 91.1083 Crewmember emergency training.
- § 91.1085 Hazardous materials recognition training.
- § 91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices.
- § 91.1089 Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator).
- § 91.1091 Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator).
- § 91.1093 Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilots (aircraft), check pilots (simulator).
- § 91.1095 Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator).
- § 91.1097 Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs.
- § 91.1099 Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirements.
- § 91.1101 Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground training.
- § 91.1103 Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight training.
- § 91.1105 Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground training.
- § 91.1107 Recurrent training.
- § 91.1109 Aircraft maintenance: Inspection program.
- § 91.1111 Maintenance training.
- § 91.1113 Maintenance recordkeeping.
- § 91.1115 Inoperable instruments and equipment.
- § 91.1411 Continuous airworthiness maintenance program use by fractional ownership program manager.
- § 91.1413 CAMP: Responsibility for airworthiness.
- § 91.1415 CAMP: Mechanical reliability reports.
- § 91.1417 CAMP: Mechanical interruption summary report.
- § 91.1423 CAMP: Maintenance organization.
- § 91.1425 CAMP: Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration programs.
- § 91.1427 CAMP: Manual requirements.
- § 91.1429 CAMP: Required inspection personnel.
- § 91.1431 CAMP: Continuing analysis and surveillance.
- § 91.1433 CAMP: Maintenance and preventive maintenance training program.
- § 91.1435 CAMP: Certificate requirements.
- § 91.1437 CAMP: Authority to perform and approve maintenance.
- § 91.1439 CAMP: Maintenance recording requirements.
- § 91.1441 CAMP: Transfer of maintenance records.
- § 91.1443 CAMP: Airworthiness release or aircraft maintenance log entry.
Subpart L · Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements
Subpart M · Special Federal Aviation Regulations
- § 91.1603 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 112—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Libya.
- § 91.1605 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Baghdad Flight Information Region (FIR) (ORBB).
- § 91.1609 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 114—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Damascus Flight Information Region (FIR) (OSTT).
- § 91.1611 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 115—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in Specified Areas of the Sanaa Flight Information Region (FIR) (OYSC).
- § 91.1613 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Somalia.
- § 91.1615 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 79—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Pyongyang Flight Information Region (FIR) (ZKKP).
- § 91.1617 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 117—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Tehran Flight Information Region (FIR) (OIIX).
- § 91.1619 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 119—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Kabul Flight Information Region (FIR) (OAKX).
Subpart N · Mitsubishi MU-2B Series Special Training, Experience, and Operating Requirements
- § 91.1701 Applicability.
- § 91.1703 Compliance and eligibility.
- § 91.1705 Required pilot training.
- § 91.1707 Training program hours.
- § 91.1709 Training program approval.
- § 91.1711 Aeronautical experience.
- § 91.1713 Instruction, checking, and evaluation.
- § 91.1715 Currency requirements and flight review.
- § 91.1717 Operating requirements.
- § 91.1719 Credit for prior training.
- § 91.1721 Incorporation by reference.