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14 CFR · PART 1

§ 1.3 Rules of construction.

Official text · Current as of Oct 19, 2026 · from eCFR

(a) In this chapter, unless the context requires otherwise:

(1) Words importing the singular include the plural;

(2) Words importing the plural include the singular; and

(3) Words importing the masculine gender include the feminine.

(b) In this chapter, the word:

(1) Shall is used in an imperative sense;

(2) May is used in a permissive sense to state authority or permission to do the act prescribed, and the words “no person may * * *” or “a person may not * * *” mean that no person is required, authorized, or permitted to do the act prescribed; and

(3) Includes means “includes but is not limited to”.

[Doc. No. 1150, 27 FR 4590, May 15, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 1-10, 31 FR 5055, Mar. 29, 1966; FAA-2023-1275, Amdt. No. 1-78, 89 FR 92483, Nov. 21, 2024]

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Not legal advice. This is the official text as published in the eCFR, which is updated daily but is not the legal edition. For legal purposes, use the annual Code of Federal Regulations or ask an aviation attorney.

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